Shared partition between ubuntu and windows 10. Dual boot machine with Ubuntu 20.

Shared partition between ubuntu and windows 10 ntfs process uses about 90% of a core, while exFAT generally pegs one at 100%. In my opinion, the best way might be to partition it the way you want, and format any partition you want accessible by both Win and Linux as NTFS. Intel NUC Build Playlist: https://www. Modified 4 years, 9 months ago. In that case, there’s nothing extra to do. Turning the partition into a standalone block device via mdadm was simple, but actually getting it to work was a whole different beast because of having to create disk images, piece them and the partition together in a kind of disk sandwich, and then successfully recreate GPT with all the right partition size values so that the beginning/end A. This is a job for NTFS. 04 everything was ok, but now I can't run any of my programs which reside in the NTFS partition. The common data partition(s), however, will need to be formatted with a file system that also Windows can access: that means in practice the ntfs file format as the only modern and robust file system that both Windows and linux can access. I have installed a dual-boot configuration with Ubuntu 12. This will make it so each operating system has its own EFI partition. I use both daily (ntfs for my data partition shared between windows and linux, and btrfs for my linux install), and to my annoyance, btrfs is way simpler to use under windows than ntfs under linux -- due to windows update locking the partition into write-only sometimes, until I Then went back into windows and filled the rest of the drive with an NTFS partition for shared file space between the two OSs. ) to work on both OSs or do I have to install on each OS their own version of Python, C++, etc? Keeping windows, I was just going to repartition the hard drive, give windows a tiny bit of space and have ubuntu on the rest. [Edit: As pa4080 pointed out in One partition containing data shared on all OS : The best way I've found, is to use an ntfs partition, and to mount it in your home with default permission. old HDD = one big NTFS partiton for sharing between OS. With the extra recovery / boot paritions windows makes this is what it looks like: Partition 4 is Windows C:\ Partition 6 is / Partition 7 is Windows D:\ (shared data) From the disk manager in ubuntu I can click the I need advice I have hardware, a Huawei D15 laptop. Do you have multiple devices in your home? Do you have to use Flash Drive or SD card to transfer data from 1st partition = 1 GB = Windows rescue (automatically made by Windows installer) 2nd partition = 199 GB = Windows 10 C: drive 3rd partition = 100 GB = Ubuntu / 4th partition = 700 GB = Ubuntu /home for the large data sets. I'm not going to do a step-by-step because I haven't tried it and if you can't figure Since you use different swap spaces for ubuntu and windows 7, you should be able to. My advice : efi (500 mb) windows (250 gb) linux (100gb) shared (150 gb) Which Ubuntu version should I use? 22. So, I don't need Dedicate the 1TB SSD entirely to Ubuntu and your large data sets. Hibernate again. Encrypt the Linux system & data partition using LUKS. Edit: never used Pop, but on Ubuntu/Mint that GUI tool was actually called "Disks" lol Reply reply Use existing Windows 10 partition as a drive in Virt-Manager (QEMU/KVM) Linux can read & write to NTFS partitions, but Windows can not see Linux partitions, so make the shared partitions NTFS. Previously I had Ubuntu 10. In this case you have to think that the files created have to follow the windows rules, you have to consider NTFS as filesystem case insensitive; so a file of folder stored there called DATA and another called data in the Linux OS are two different path but for the windows OS there have no difference between DATA and data, also the permission Just installed Ubuntu 10. They disappear. That question dates back to 2018, though, and that is a long time. This is achieved using the samba-client package, installed at this chapter’s start. I'd like to make it dual-boot with Ubuntu (20. If in case your windows partition is not working, boot into Ubuntu, preferably Ubuntu live and copy the contents from windows to your Ubuntu partition. Looks like I'll have to back up my EFI partition, somehow re-install Windows Boot Manager to it and restore the backup if GRUB2 ends up getting erased I think I'll have to run bcdboot C:\Windows from a Windows USB. And . When I tried to access new folders in the drive that did not exist before when I was logged in to Windows, Windows complained something about the files being corrupt and I noticed that those new files disappeared. You could either create a new NTFS partition as @aleo0317 has already answered or you can create a folder in your windows NTFS Partition that is already mounted. Shared partitions between ubuntu 11. Edit: But /home on a ntfs partition is a bad idea. Just place your shared files into your user folder in the Windows partition. The partition is automatically mounted in both OS's and the NAS is easily explored from both (appears as a Samba share to Windows and is a SSHFS in Ubuntu). Why create a whole new partition when you have one for windows that can be accessed by both OS's. 04) as a dual boot with a shared NTFS partition between them. Shared drive between windows and ubuntu. i You can easily share a drive or partition if it's in a format that Windows can read, such as the FATs or NTFS. There are multiple games that are known not to work on Linux if they're being run from an NTFS partition. Have partitioned hard drive with Windows System (sda1), Windows OS (sda2), Ubuntu (sda3 - with ext4 file system and a "/" mount point), swap (sda4) and need to know what file system to select for the remaining free space I'm currently using a multiboot with Ubuntu 14. Files on shared partitions formatted as NTFS can be accessed by both Windows 10 and Ubuntu, but it’s good to have backups. 10. Regardless, I don't think that's what causing the lock out - as far as I'm aware, that's an NTFS thing, so if you format your partition using a neutral filesystem that isn't finicky about file integrity (eg: exFAT) then you shouldn't have any issues hibernating and sharing files between the two OSes. First click /dev/sda4 and drag it to the Instead of relying on outdated software, you can create a shared “pooled” drive that both operating systems can safely access using the NTFS file system. I have a shared partition between Ubuntu and Windows which is NTFS. The partition should be labeled with a name like "New Volume". What I am asking is that how can I create a shared storage so that I In my opinion, the best way might be to partition it the way you want, and format any partition you want accessible by both Win and Linux as NTFS. Method 1: Transfer Files Between Ubuntu And Windows Via SSH Using another partition to share files between the two operating systems is the most reliable option since Windows cannot read the Linux file system without using third-party software. I have an external hard drive (14TB) set up as NTFS. sys file does not need to be shared. 2 LTS & Windows 10] Method 01: Using Separate Partitions to Share Files Between Linux and Windows Dual Boot. What is, to date, the best option to. What I would like is to do the same thing with Kubuntu, so that regardless of whether or not I am using windows or linux, all changes reflect in both places Usually one makes a windows readable folder that can be used to share between linux and windows. To access the shared partition from Ubuntu, open the file manager and look for the new partition in the list of devices. one NTFS partition to be accessible on both systems. B. Windows support for EXT4 is slim at best - however, Ubuntu (and Linux) can easily read, write, and manipulate NTFS partitions. Suppose, you are using your existing Unless you require your Windows partition - or a NTFS/FAT32 partition for data shared with Windows - mounted every time you boot up for one of the reasons given below, No, you wouldn't face any problems because of transferring files between Ubuntu and Windows partitions(via Nautilus). I hope this is not forbidden. After finishing the installation, I realised that Ubuntu also mounts the /boot/efi in the same boot partition with Windows. This article will show you how to map shares across both operating systems for seamless file sharing. The summary is that you shrink your windows partition, create a new NTFS partition for shared data, and leave unallocated space to install Ubuntu. For example, while bringing up a couple of Vagrant instances, the mount. The various issues and problems with ntfs getting mounted Read Only still apply. have a dualboot Windows Professional and Ubuntu; have both OSes access and change You’ll see a menu that lets you choose between Ubuntu and Windows 10 whenever you power on your machine. Now I want to be able to share files and folders between Windows and these installations. But this is a desktop, and windows has never once entered I have a shared drive between my Windows 10 and ubuntu. 04 and Windows 11 Pro. While it’s true that Ubuntu DID recognise the partition but it CANNOT WRITE anything to it. however if you were refering to your dual boot the best option is simply to use your windows hard drive as the sharing space. If you like this tutorial, I am using Ubuntu 20. Dual boot Ubuntu Windows 10, separate SSD, partitioning, laptop. In Ubuntu this is easy as Windows partitions can be mounted, read and written to out of If you don't want any extra software on your windows install to do this. Want to have dual-boot capabilities between Windows 7 and Ubuntu. The Windows partition on the hybrid drive needs to NTFS formatted and needs to be Thanks. Then create the data It's possible, but probably only as an experiment: Note: This is a what-if answer and is not recommended, especially if you are using hibernate from Ubuntu! In theory, yes, Windows should be able to use your swap partition for its page (swap) file with some clever scripting on the Linux side. Every time I have tried to access a Linux ext4 partition from Windows using drivers, I have ended up with a corrupted filesystem. While in windows this folder will need windows file permission to access it like any windows folder. 512GB SSD. 8K. but I don't want to be My situation is similar and that’s what I do: I have a ntfs partition with Windows installed, an ext4 partition with kubuntu and a second ntfs partition for shared data that is automatically mounted with an alias at kubuntu boot. From windows shrink your windows boot disk to create space to use for linux and the shared space. Also, Disable fast boot in Windows and i do not know if hibernating windows is a good idea, i have had some issues in the past. But then there is the problem of sharing files between the two. Viewed in having a dual-boot set-up with Windows and Ubuntu is suddenly realising you need to access a file on the other OSs partition. If you don't want to keep Windows, you can format that partition during Ubuntu installation. 10 and windows 7: files disappear . 04 (the correct way this time), and Linux Mint Debian Edition. 04. Backup I want to make dual boot with Windows 10 and Ubuntu 14. The Win11 Partition Hi everyone, Currently, I use WSL (windows subsystem Linux) for my day-to-day work that requires a Unix-like system. I logged in to Windows this morning and tried to access the shared drive. Later on, you can still install Windows (which will delete the Ubuntu bootloader), and activate it online (previously, you would need a You can access files for read, write, create, and delete in the Windows NTFS partition if you wish to share files across both operating systems; however, Windows does not access files in Linux filesystems well. How to make shared partition on dual boot between Windows 10 & Ubuntu 14. Eclipse says: Accessing Windows Shares from Ubuntu. 04 and Windows 10 on seperate m. Either way, I'll come back to this thread when I'm done If you want to keep Windows as dual boot, just keep the Windows partition, and install Ubuntu in another partition. Now, one approach to sharing files between Windows 11 and Linux distro in a dual-boot setup is to just share the C drive. now install ubuntu, durring the install process ubuntu will recognize windows 10 is installed and give you a slider to slide between the windows 10 side and the ubuntu side to determine the size of ubuntu's partition (and reduce window's accordingly) the slider locks at window's written files, give windows some leeway though, don't slide it I started with a brand new laptop with Windows 11 preinstalled on a 512G SSD. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD again and run gparted and shrink both Windows and Ubuntu partitions until they take twice to thrice the amount of the pale yellow bar. I have used this approach with Windows XP and Ubuntu 8. Related: How to Easily Share Files Between Nearby Computers There are two parts to this guide. In Linux this would be referred as /dev/hdb1 and the command at the shell prompt to mount it in /mnt/dos would be: mount -t vfat /dev/hdb1 /mnt/dos. Dual boot drive sharing for Ubuntu and Windows 10. Repair or reinstall Windows. I need a partition to be a storage that can be accessed from both operating systems (Linux and Windows). Some of them I'd like to encrypt. Are there any other alternatives? I have a drive intended to be shared between Ubuntu and Windows. If you're trying to copy/share files between Ubuntu and Windows, a much safer way is to create a new NTFS partition on your hard disk, call it Shared for example, and then paste files into this shared partition when in Ubuntu, and copy them off of the shared partition when you get into Windows. The corruption made the Linux Tbird unable to use the shared profile. Modified 10 years, 9 months ago. Hibernate on windows; Boot into linux and then hibernate; Boot into windows and resume session. Step 2: Enable sharing on Windows. Putting /home in an NTFS partition is not advisable as Linux cannot preserve ownership and permissions on NTFS partition. LTS?? Use the 22. 10 & 9. 5 TB) formatted as NTFS for now, looking for a better choice Installed Windows 10 - I had to delete the Windows partition in the Windows installer, then it created all it needed by selecting the empty space. ubuntu comes with file sharing builtin for two machine (windows 10 and ubuntu) that are running at the same time. Is it normal? Creating Your Shared Drive. I have no idea what will Install any updates and then reboot and attempt to enter Windows 10 from the grub menu to make sure that grub correctly handles the hand-off to the Windows 10 bootloader. The second approach is to shrink the C drive , format the freed up space, and put the contents you wish to share in there. ), so I have been considering getting a proper Ubuntu disk/partition for my machines. The swap partition is not necessary, you can use a swap file. 04 successfully. Or maybe I could just copy C:\Windows\Boot\ to /boot/EFI/Windows/. Install Windows first on one of the SSDs, then install Linux on the 2nd SSD and have Linux share the Windows EFI partition. In Windows, be sure to turn off FAST BOOT and/or HIBERNATE, or you'll corrupt Windows if/when you mount the Windows partition whilst in Ubuntu. Even external HDDs are probably better as NTFS if they're only for sharing between Linux and Windows. In this video, I will show you guys how to access Ubuntu Linux shared files from your windows computer or access windows shared files and folder from Ubuntu Unless you require your Windows partition - or a NTFS/FAT32 partition for data shared with Windows - mounted every time you boot up for one of the reasons given below, No, you wouldn't face any problems because of transferring files between Ubuntu and Windows partitions(via Nautilus). one partition for Linux for /. Windows can't easily read linux filesystems. -- linux accesses the windows [Distro & Windows Used Throughout the Tutorial: Ubuntu 22. Now, if you use two operating systems that are sharing the same swap space. I installed Thunderbird on windows, and put all the data on said shared partition. On Linux the shared partition must be permanently mounted via fstab; As far as I know, Windows can do symlinks from NTFS to FAT32 (but not vice-versa), but I don't know about Linux. Linux is very flexible, and indeed you can have the setup you want. I just recently got a new laptop with Windows 10. There are two options for you when you’re looking to create your shared drive. At the time, I'm using Windows but planning to move back to Ubuntu but my problem would be losing some compatibility that Windows offers when I do college work, and that can be a pain, so my plan is to dual boot and have both OSes. 12G for Ubuntu is a bare minimum, which you may I have a new laptop with preinstalled Windows 10. Unfortunately, now when I boot Ubuntu the boot time is 5 minutes (instead of 30 seconds) as the system is mounting both Ubuntu (stored on an internal SDD) and the shared partition (on the HDD). To share swap area, create the swap area when you install the first operating system and then when you install the second one, do not create a new swap area, instead just use the first OS's swap area as the mount point for swap area of the second OS. It says it is a "read-only" system. ) in a "Storage" partition formatted NTFS, that both Ubuntu and Windows can read and Presently in the install (USB stick) for 32-bit Ubuntu 12. 04 and Windows. The computer I am setting up has three partitions, one for Windows 10, one for Linux, and one for files and programs shared between them. When installing Ubuntu, choose to partition the disks manually and set up your /home directory to be on an EXT4 partition on the hybrid drive. However, when it comes to sharing a folder on Ubuntu to access from Windows, the process can be pretty challenging for some users. The same command to mount a partition formatted in Fat16 would be: mount -t dos /dev/hdb1 I have installed windows and kubuntu (24. I've tried exFAT and NTFS and have noticed that both have high CPU load. 1) partition (150 GB as well) formatted as Ext4 DATA partition (1. As previously mentioned, Samba is a two-way street, allowing not only Windows systems to access files and printers hosted on an Ubuntu system but also allowing the Ubuntu system to access shared resources on Windows systems. I had my Thunderbird profile stored on the Ubuntu drive and could therefore access it from Windows and Linux off of the Yes, you can share swap area with two or more operating systems. com/playlist?list=PLErU2HjQZ_ZNqgp0yXEWkhTdFm1ZkAt7hPlease follow me!https://twitter. Disable windows hibernate/suspend and fast boot if sharing a filesystem between linux and windows. ). both ubuntu and windows can read and write to Accessing the Shared Partition from Ubuntu. Create all your users under Windows; Install Ubuntu; Create all your users under Ubuntu giving them both the same name and the same password as under Windows. Boot into linux and resume linux session. But make sure to turn off windows' fast boot. I store my development files (Eclipse C++ project files) in that partition. 2 nvme storage devices. 0. So, I want to be able to develop under Windows and Linux, too. Windows 11 natively supports Linux GUI programs. Whilst you can mark a drive as removable, you can't mark a partition as removable. 04, they are often corrupted. 04). Now I want either Ubuntu to locate home directories in /C/Users Which is the location of windows accounts I have enabled the linux subsytem on my Windows 10 and installed Ubuntu and Kali. I' would like to share two partitions between those os : One, named Worspace, to contain all my projects; The other with all others datas : pictures, movies, text documents, executables for windows. To stop sharing a folder, just uncheck the Share this folder option. com/rickmakeshttps://www. Summary. The issue with that is booting into Windows 10 takes like 3 minutes (time until the boot menu comes up, booting itself, starting Windows docker etc. 04 and have a shared partition between both OSes. Therefore I have stored my project (as git repo) on a NTFS partition which I mount under Linux (Ubuntu 13. U buntu is an open-source operating system that is widely used among programmers, developers, and businesses. Install Linux on one of the SSDs, remove the Linux SSD, then install Windows on the other SSD, and reconnect the Linux SSD after Windows is installed. Ask Question Asked 10 years, 9 months ago. The main benefit would be having the two Operating Systems physically separated. While booted to linux, mount this shared folder (RW NTFS-3G) to access it. I highly recommend either option. Then edit your Ubuntu FSTAB file to mount the Windows partition when booting Ubuntu, and you'll have your shared disk space. youtube. It didn't work all that well, the file properties were odd (everything was executable). . **Do these instructions still apply to Ubuntu in 2011? The actual pagefile. I have a dual boot set-up were I am using Ubuntu as a dev environment and that's great l! But unfortunately I also need Skype for business occasionally so I will need to reboot the PC for that. My dual boot system worked well for a while, and then (today) the WIN10 version corrupted the shared profile located on an ext4 partition that I share between Linux and Windows with a windows program that provides access to ext Linux partitions. On Windows, right click on “This PC” or “My Computer”, and select “Add a new connection”. Simple add your Windows partition to your fstab file so it'll be mounted every time you boot then delete things like Music, Movies, Pictures, etc (Files that you want to share between the two OSes) Then create symlinks Dual boot machine with Ubuntu 20. Which is the safer way to do so? I should add that there is a Windows recovery partition between the Win system partition and the Ubuntu partition. Shrink the Win 10 partition from inside Windows and then use the unallocated space for a new/enlarged Ubuntu partition; Shrink the Win 10 partition with GParted during installation of Ubuntu. 1. 10 and Windows 10. Both Windows and Ubuntu ignore the initial contents of their respective swap spaces at startup, so the actual contents do not have to be However, if you want to read / write files stored on an Ubuntu Ext4 partition from Windows, you'll need to install a driver or utility to do so - there's various options described in this question on SuperUser. (I will assume you gave it the drive letter D:) K) Setup Automout for D: One other option is to use a driver like Ext2 IFS For Windows to make Windows read/write the file system your Ubuntu runs on (should be ext2 or ext3). 04 as my primary operating system and Windows 10 as my secondary operating system. 1. –. This can easily be set up using gnome-disk. Folders shared between Ubuntu and Windows on the shared partition are Backups, Documents, Music, Pictures, Public, Videos - so I don't envision how When I started transitioning from windows via a dual boot I used ntfs partitions as shared data "drives". Note that if Windows is your main OS, that it natively supports Linux distributions using WSL and without dual boot. Now access the shared folder on Windows machine. I could use BitLocker on Windows but then it is not possible to access the partitions in Ubuntu. Creating a shared partition between Windows 11 and Ubuntu can make it easier to access files from both operating systems. The operating system is user-friendly and easy to use. I tripled booted it with Windows 11, Ubuntu 22. I'm having trouble with files on my shared partition. With fast boot enabled windows doesn't "unmount" its partitions properly on shutdown and linux refuses to give write access to those to prevent data-loss. This Linux Swap Space Mini-HOWTO describes how to share swap space between Windows and Linux. To make things simple, I only created 3 mount points /swap, / and /home in the allocated space for the Ubuntu. So if one SSD dies, you can still boot This is a complete tutorial to show you how to share folders over the local network between Windows and Ubuntu. Is there a way to install programs on the third partition (like Python, PyCharm, MATLAB, etc. hi there! I flagged this as a duplicate, feel free to check out the answer. This question is somewhat similar to How to use Windows Share has home directory, but in this case Windows is not running. Hope that helps I would like to be able to read/write from both Windows (version 7, 64bit) and Ubuntu Linux, and I need support for files greater than 4GB in size (so I think this rules out FAT32). 04 lts. 04, Ubuntu 15. Disable the Windows 'fast boot' otherwise when Windows closes the NTFS partitions will be locked. 15. (hit up the numerous NTFS under Linux guides for more information) These issues also apply to exfat,vfat, fat32, and I imagine using ntfs3. I've first understand that I must use ntfs partitions, so let's go A) three partitions (1) for your windows install, (2) for sharing and (3) for linux. So you have two options: Create a shared partition, and format it to NTFS, or install an Ext4 utitliy / driver in WIndows. We've previously covered various ways to share files between nearby computers, but sharing between Windows and Linux can be a little more complex. However, this is can get a bit finicky with certain tasks (calling programs that need a GUI, system calls in certain programming languages, etc. The ubuntu forms all mention that this is a problem with writing to the windows partition in linux while windows is in hibernation mode. -- Windows and Linux both share partition (2) for file access or you could have B) two partitions (1) for windows and (2) for linux. If you need to create space for your shared drive, whether it’s on the Dual Boot Ubuntu/Windows 10 Partition Size? Ask Question Asked 4 years, 9 months ago. This setup allows you to switch between operating systems easily based on your needs. Since Ubuntu can interact with NTFS (Windows) partitions, but Windows cannot interact with EXT4 (Linux) partitions, your best option is to create an NTFS partition in that free space. Ubuntu uses swapfiles now, so no need to allocate swap space. Ubuntu supported file systems and cross OS linking. If you already have the space available to you on an existing hard drive, or if you’re using the entire space on a second hard drive, you can skip straight to our Creating Your Partitions section. I would recommend keeping /home in the default / partition in the SSD and creating sym links to the folders with most data (Documents, Music, Pictures, videos etc. Since I'm having this problem on Ubuntu I repost my question here. I need to know if its possible to share a folder, so that I can open the files in it from Ubuntu and Windows. Here is the corresponding part Now your Ubuntu system has successfully mounted the NTFS partition/disk, and this parition can be used from both Windows and Ubuntu on your dual-boot machine. So here is the problem: with 10. In Windows disk manager, select the free space in the drive with Ubuntu and create an NTFS partition. exFAT/FAT32 use case is for removable media, particularly USB sticks and SD cards. Lets suppose that the Windows partition formated as Fat32 is the first partition of the second hard-drive. Create two new partitions: a) boot, b) Linux system & data. Viewed 9k times 2 . I'm developing an (Qt) application which should run under Windows and Linux. You could use format Fat32 which does not lock, but it will be limited to a file length of 4GB (iso's etc). 10 or 22. If your disk uses MBR partition table, then both Windows and Linux root partitions should be in first 3 partitions on disk (if you want to use extended/logical partitions) or in first 4 partitions (but then you cannot use extended/logical partitions, because MBR is limited to max number of 4 "normal" partitions). I know that it should be with NTFS file system and I am going to make it the last partiotion, after all other partiotions are set. Copy files back being booted into Ubuntu. For example: Currently, I have NTFS-partitions which are shared between Ubuntu 22. However, when I open files on the HD in Windows 10, if I generated those files using Ubuntu 20. So then I thought about having a tiny partition for windows, a decent chunk for ubuntu, and the largest one for documents. 10). You’ll see that the folder icon have been changed to show that it has been shared. With this method, you don This question reflects that it is possible to use a shared NTFS partition on a Ubuntu and Windows dualboot to keep and share your files between the two OSes. Windows (10) partition (150 GB) formatted as NTFS Ubuntu (18. [Edit: As pa4080 pointed out in the comments, exFAT would work as well] Windows will recognize it without issue. I'm using IFS drives at the moment to access my linux ext4 partitions, and I find it unstable. Install Windows 10 in a suitably-sized partition, or, if already installed, shrink the Windows partition to create space for Linux. You can access the contents of your C drive from the distro. On either operating system I can write to the disc. My Windows partition is mounted on /C. It sees Windows 10 partition no problem, and for sharing stuff I use either a separate NTFS partition, or an external drive (forgot whether it's NTFS Yeah, for a fixed disc partition shared only between Linux and Windows I don't get all these recommendations for the un-journalled exFAT. Transfer files between Ubuntu and Windows using Shared Network Folders. I don't know where you do most of your gaming, but any of the games that work on Linux, just use an ext4 partition and play them in Linux, whatever you have to use Windows for, have that on an NTFS partition. yrnmdq hsqag gai ttc tsn bdiebn lfama hunxr jgt dmaw chnyp zxahr ttpvjh lrhi tmb